Saturday 27 October 2012

Sustainability - 2



   As introduced in the article “Sustainability - 1”, sustainability is defined as the development meets the present needs without compromising the future needs by the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Today environmental awareness has become a general consciousness worldwide, and international governments such as OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) and EU (European Union) have devoted to sustainability with the worries about the future, as described in the following paragraph. 

   誠如前文”Sustainability - 1”所述,聯合國世界環境與發展委員會(WCED)將永續發展定義為滿足當前需要、但也無損於下一代需要的發展。今日,環境意識已經成為全球化的共識,基於對未來的憂慮,國際政府像是OECD與歐盟已致力於永續發展,如下所述。

   OECD is a forum that 30 democratic governments work together on the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD Environmental Performance Reviews Programme helps member countries improve their performances in environmental management. Take Finland as an instance, according to the reviews on Finland in 2009, OECD strongly suggested Finnish government to strengthen its environmental management efforts (e.g. for waste and nature protection), further integrate environmental concerns into economic decisions, and reinforce international co-operation on environmental issues, in order to meet its challenges on environment, such as water quality of the Baltic Sea and the biodiversity in forests.

   OECD是由30個民主國家共同為全球的經濟、社會、與環境挑戰所努力的論壇。OECD的環境績效回顧計畫協助會員國改善其環境管理的績效,以芬蘭為例,根據2009年對芬蘭所進行的回顧,OECD強烈建議芬蘭政府強化其環境管理的努力(例如,在廢棄物與自然保護方面)、將環境考量進一步整合至經濟決策中、並加強環境議題上的國際合作,以期能滿足所面臨的環境挑戰,像是波羅的海的水質與森林的生物多樣性。

   The EU LIFE programme is the EU’s funding instrument for the environment. The objective is to contribute to the implementation, updating and development of EU environmental policy. The programme began in 1992 and there have been 3 complete phases of the programme (LIFE I: 1992-1995, LIFE II: 1996-1999 and LIFE III: 2000-2006). The current phase of the programme is LIFE+ (2007-2013). LIFE programme has co-financed 3104 projects across the EU, contributing approximately €2.2 billion to the protection of the environment.

   歐盟LIFE計畫是歐盟對環境議題進行資金挹注的工具。其目的為促進歐盟環境政策的執行、更新、與發展。此計畫始於1992年,迄今已完成了三個階段(LIFE I: 1992-1995, LIFE II: 1996-1999 and LIFE III: 2000-2006)。現在計畫所進行的階段為LIFE+(2007-2013)。LIFE計畫在歐盟已經共同資助了3104件專案,為環境保護帶來約22億歐元的資金貢獻。


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